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The analysis on regularity of comparability among famous physician's prescriptions for treating chest pain since the Han Dynasty will be helpful to treat chest pain and develop new herbs.The Chinese Medicine Auxiliary System (V2.5) was used to analysis the regularity of comparability by inputting the most famous 101 prescriptions for the treatment of chest pain from the Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty.The results showed that the most common single drugs were cassia twig,40 times (39.6％).The most common couplet medicines were licorice and poria cocos,21 times (20.8％).The most common triangle medicines were ginger,pinellia,and cassia twig,13 times (12.9％).The most common drug combination based on association rules was the combination of cassia twig,peucedani radix→ginger (confidence level of 0.909 1).The core drugs based on complex network was cassia twig,licorice,and etc.New prescription combinations based on the entropy method were 11 new prescriptions including allium,cassia twig,poria,and almonds.It was concluded that there were regularity of comparability in ancient prescriptions for treating chest pain.Approaching and developing medicine for the treatment of chest pain should be from the following 6 points.The priority choice of single drug was cassia twig,and etc.The priority choice of couplet medicines was licorice and poria cocos,etc.The priority choice of triangle medicines was ginger,pinellia,cassia twig,and etc.The combination of high correlation should be chosen in treating chest pain,such as cassia twig,peucedani radix→ginger,and etc.The core drugs are necessary.In the warming yang method,cassia twig is the core drug and ginger is the auxiliary drug,and etc.New prescription combination,such as allium,cassia twig,poria,almonds,and etc.should be applied.
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Objective To test the degree of acceptance and understanding of the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood;To further optimize and modify the entries. Methods A small sample pre-survey and group interviews were used to get the feedback information abut entries of patients, then the panel discussed to modify entries according to the data information. Results After a small sample pre-survey and group interviews, 11 items for modification were obtained, including the rejection in physical pain, belching and so on. Through further optimization and modification, the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood covered 41 entries in physiological domain, 11 entries in psychological domain, 1 entry in independent domain, and 8 entries in social domain. Conclusion The core part of the entries for patient reported outcomes of stagnation of qi and blood was formed, which comprehensively reflects the connotation of stagnation syndrome of qi and blood.
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ObjectiveTo study the way of famous TCM doctors to success in modern times. MethodsTotally 96 famous TCM doctors and 30 TCM masters (122 in total, and 4 overlapping) recorded in the book ofThe Way of Distinguished Veteran Doctors of TCM were set as samples in the study. Their learning life was employed as evidence, and the following information was analyzed and concluded:the provinces they come from, their approaches to success, the ages when they became useful, learning time before they became useful, the most influential books, whether they started with classical prescription.ResultsDistinguished veteran doctors of TCM mainly come from Jiangsu Province (21.31%) and Zhejiang Province (11.48%). Learning from other TCM maters (40.98%) and inheriting the family’s TCM knowledge (22.95%) were their main approaches to becoming useful. The learning years before they became useful were 10-15 years (32.81%) and 6-10 years (26.56%). They became useful mainly at the ages of 21-30 (57.58%). 65.98% (64/122) of them treatedTreatise on Febrile Diseases as the most influential book. ConclusionThe study will provide beneficial reference for talent cultivation of TCM colleges and universities.
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At the premise of ensuring efficacy and minimizing adverse reactions as far as possible, it doesn't achieve to the treatment purpose at the cost of physiological function injury in normal tissue, which is the characteristic of the symptoms and signs targeted theory of the formula corresponding to syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The occurrence of the adverse reactions of Chinese and western drugs is related to formula not corresponding to syndromes to a large extent. It is beneficial to minimizing the occurrence of the adverse reactions when the indication of western drugs is screened in the macroscopic level for patients by using the idea of formula corresponding to syndromes for reference.
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Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
The research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections is an important innovation of modernization of TCM, which has great clinical value and irreplaceability in medical enterprise of China. But reports of adverse events of TCM injections gradually increased in recent years and the security problems received much concern with the enlargement of its application range. The reasons include unreliable herb sources and unreasonable utilization, in which the former includes historical reasons and non-unified standard and the latter includes combined use of Chinese and Western medicine, misused dosage and formula not corresponding to syndromes. We should face the problems, and preventive measures should be worked out by pharmaceutical factory, doctors and government. The first one is strictly guarding the pharmaceutical preparation procedures with advanced pharmaceutical technology; the second one is advocating the idea of formula corresponding to syndromes to minimize the occurrence of adverse effects; and the last one is strengthening the postmarketing reevaluation and market supervising management.
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Clinically guided by the holistic concept of traditional Chinese medicine and in combination with four diagnostic methods and pattern identification, quick and surround puncture is used for treating nodular goiter, fully displaying the practical application value of the special acupuncture therapy.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of coronary arteriography and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of 1,069 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: One thousand and sixty-nine patients with CAD were investigated by epidemiological method. The patients were divided into young patients (n=82, aged 45 years or younger) and middle-aged and old patients (n=987, older than 45 years). The characteristics of the two groups were analyzed, including clinical data, coronary arteriography and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome. RESULTS: Compared with middle-aged and old patients, proportion of male, triglyceride, total cholesterol, smoking patients, acute myocardial infarction and family history of CAD in young patients were significantly higher (P<0.05). Patients accompanying with hypertension and diabetes in middle-aged and old patients were more than those in young patients (P<0.05). Occurrence rates of morbidity of left circumflex coronary artery, left main coronary artery and multi-branch were higher in middle-aged and old patients (P<0.05), however, the occurrence rates of morbidity of single and double-branch were higher in young patients (P<0.05). The occurrence rates of syndromes of qi stagnation and phlegm turbidity in young patients were higher than those in middle-aged and old patients (P<0.05). But the proportions of cold coagulation, yin deficiency, yang deficiency and kidney deficiency in middle-aged and old patients were obviously higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and pathological changes of CAD in young patients are different from those in old patients.
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OBJECTIVE: To discuss the distribution laws of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome factor and their combination in coronary heart disease (CHD), and to study the correlation between the TCM syndrome factor combination and cardiac function as well as blood-lipid. METHODS: The parameters of the cardiac function of 300 patients with a final diagnosis of CHD by coronary angiography were measured by echocardiography, and the levels of blood lipids in the CHD patients were detected. An analysis of the correlation was done between the TCM syndrome factor combination and cardiac function as well as blood-lipid in CHD. RESULTS: The TCM syndrome factor combinations of CHD were blood stasis due to qi deficiency, qi and yin deficiency, intermingled phlegm and blood stasis, and yang deficiency and blood stasis. The ejection fraction of CHD patients with yang deficiency and blood stasis was markedly decreased. The levels of triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in CHD patients with intermingled phlegm and blood stasis were markedly increased, and the level of triglyceride in CHD patients with qi and yin deficiency was markedly increased too. CONCLUSION: The treatment of CHD should aim directly at the symptoms and causes. It is also proved that some compound traditional Chinese herbal medicines for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation, nourishing yin and resolving phlegm, and activating yang should be used in treatment of CHD. In cases of CHD with low cardiac function, particular emphasis should be laid on activating yang and blood circulation, while in cases of CHD with blood-lipid disturbance, particular emphasis should be laid on resolving phlegm and activating blood circulation, replenishing qi and nourishing yin.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the laws of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in unstable angina, and to establish the preliminary diagnostic criteria for TCM syndromes. METHODS: Multi-center prospective research on TCM syndromes in 815 cases of unstable angina was done with the nonlinear dimension reduction by factor analysis. RESULTS: There were five extracted factors in factor analysis: F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5. F1 was yin deficiency of heart and kidney, F2 was deficiency of both heart and spleen, F3 was intermingled phlegm and blood stasis, F4 was qi deficiency and blood stasis, and F5 was yang deficiency and coagulated cold. Qi deficiency and blood stasis (F4) syndrome accounted for the maximum proportion. The diagnostic criteria for TCM syndromes were preliminarily and respectively established. CONCLUSION: Qi deficiency and blood stasis is the key factor of pathogenesis. The factor analysis can help us classify traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and establish the preliminary diagnostic criteria.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the classification of common symptoms and the laws of syndrome element combination in 251 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP) by using cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis. METHODS: A total of 251 SAP cases were selected and their information from four diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine was recorded. The classification of common symptom and the laws of syndrome element combination were investigated by cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-five symptoms found in 251 SAP cases were divided into four types by cluster analysis: deficiency of heart qi, deficiency of spleen qi, deficiency of qi and yin, and phlegm accumulation and blood stasis. The deficiency of heart qi had the closest relation to phlegm accumulation and blood stasis. By corresponding-correlation analysis, the deficiency of qi had the closest relation to blood stasis, next was turbid phlegm and heat stagnation, and then deficiency of qi and deficiency of yin. CONCLUSION: Blood stasis due to deficient qi is the key factor in pathogenesis of SAP. Deficiency of qi plus blood stasis, deficiency of qi plus deficiency of yin, blood stasis plus turbid phlegm, deficiency of heart qi plus blood stasis plus turbid phlegm are common syndrome element combinations of SAP. It is proved that cluster analysis and corresponding-correlation analysis are the proper methods for studying laws of syndrome element combination.
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Objective:Thirty-three cases of nerve tinnitus were treated mainly by needling acupoints Baihui(GV 20), Tinggong(SI 19), Tinghui(GB 2), Yifeng(TE 17) and Zhongzhu(TE 3). In the presence of kidney deficiency, Shenshu(BL 23) and Mingmen(GV 4) were added; in the presence of liver-gallbladder fire preponderance, Taichong(LR 3) and Qiuxu(GB 40) were added; in the presence of exogenous wind heat, Waiguan(TE 5) and Hegu(LI 4) were added.After 6-course treatments, 6 cases were cured, 22 cases improved and 2 cases failed, with the total effective rate of 93.9%.
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Objective To study the classification and diagnosis of TCM syndromes of rheumatoid arthritis in the active stage by using variable clustering analysis. Methods Clinical data of 237 cases of rheumatoid arthritis in active stage, including symptoms, signs and manifestation of tongue and pulse, were recorded and dealt with cluster analysis. Results TCM syndromes in the patients were classified into four types, including pathogenic factor and depression in collaterals, intermingled phlegm and blood stasis, blokage due to damp-heat, blood stasis and qi deficiency, and main diagnostic points were determined for different syndromes initially. Conclusion The variable clustering analysis combined with expert’s opinion is helpful to study the classification of TCM syndromes and main diagnositic points of rheumatoid arthritis in active stage.
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The research of modern Chinese herbal components compatibility is a complex systems engineering,based on the academic theories of combination of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and modern medicine as a guide,which is the development trend of integration of overall regulation and targeting effect.Angina pectoris is one of the most types of cardiovascular diseases,new drugs created by combination of the effective components of Chinese herbal medicines play an important role in the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.There are many progresses in the clinical and experimental studies about treatment of angina pectoris through the way of components compatibility.The components compatibility are in the era of modern diseases,sciences and technology,based on the inheritance and innovation of TCM,and towards to found a system science in future.
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Science of acupuncture and moxibustion is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine.There are many statistical errors in articles about acupuncture and moxibustion in recently years.In order to enhancing the level of writing on articles about acupuncture and moxibustion,this article analyzed the common statistical error in articles about acupuncture and moxibustion in national core journals in the past three years,and gave a solution to the problem.
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Objective: 139 documents (10,646 cases of angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease) which were treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of angina pectoris were researched, the application and existing problems of TCM evaluation standards of the efficacy of angina pectoris were studied to determine constructive items (candidate indicatrix) of TCM evaluation standards. Methods: The efficacy evaluation database of angina pectoris was established by the literature search and the software Epidata2.0, recorded in the database, and statistical analysed. Results: There are many kinds of evaluation standards of TCM efficacy of angina pectoris, but the utilization rate of each standard is lower than 40%. The main constructive item in evaluation standards of angina pectoris should include: the effect of the disease, syndrome effects, physical and chemical indicatrix, important clinical event, quality of life, and so on. Conclusion: The current evaluation standards of TCM efficacy of angina pectoris can not meet the clinical needs. A received evaluation standard should be established. The evaluation of TCM efficacy of angina pectoris should adopt integrated multi-dimensional index system.
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By reviewing the research on patient reported outcomes (PRO) and the understanding of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine in coronary heart disease, the author found that the evaluation scale of PRO in coronary heart disease in traditional Chinese medicine should be guided by the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, including the theories of ‘heart-oriented, five internal organs correlation, internal injuries by seven emotions, unity of body and mind, correspondence between human and nature’ and other modern theoretical framework of PRO scale.It was believed that the physical, psychological, independence and social sphere constructed a special PRO efficacy scale of traditional Chinese medicine in coronary heart disease. The field of physiology on the scale was guided by ‘heart-based, five internal organs correlation' theory as the main line, and the scale was divided into various aspects in order to reflect all aspects of uncomfortable self-feeling of patients. Finally, 19 sides such as chest pain, chest tightness, heart palpitations, flank pain, insomnia, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, frequent urination at night, anorexia, weakness, spontaneous perspiration, shortness of breath, individual ability, daily life, positive feelings, negative feelings, personal relations and social support needed, level of social services, social intercourse and economy, healthy and medical care formed the theoretical structure model of the scale,which established the theory foundatio for the further development of PRO scale.
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Objective:To observe effects of Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins on protein expression of VEGF, bFGF in myocardium in acute myocardial infarction rats. Methods: The acute myocardial infraction (AMI) model was established in one hundred and forty Wistar rats, and the rats were randomly divided into five groups: the western medicine group mobilized by subcutaneous injection of G-CSF50?g.kg-1.d-1, sham-operated group and model group treated by subcutaneous injection of normal saline 50?g.kg-1.d-1, the Chinese medicine group mobilized by intraperitoneal injection of Xuesaitong (ingredients of Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins) 150mg.kg-1.d-1, the integrative group mobilized by subcutaneous injection of G-CSF 50?g.kg-1.d and intraperitoneal injection of Xuesaitong 150mg.kg-1.d-1. Except for the sham-operated group, each group was divided into three sub-groups by three time points of 1d, 7d and 14d. G-CSF was used once a day for 7 days. Xuesaitong was injected once a day until the rats were killed. The parameters cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction were detection by color doppler ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in different times,the expression of VEGF, bFGF in Marginal zone of myocardium in rats with myocardial infarction were detected by immunohistochemistry in different time. Pathological and ultrastructural changes of marginal zone in rats with acute myocardial infarction were observed by electron microscopy and light microscopy. Results:Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins can improve the level of left ventricular systolic function such as EF,FS,it can inhibit the increase of left ventricular LVDD and LVDS,it can improve expression levels of VEGF,bFGF of marginal zone in acute myocardial infarction rats. It also can reduce the damage to cell ultrastructure and promote revascularization in the site around MI area. Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins can protect the myocytes in rats with myocardial infarction. Conclusion:Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins can protect myocardium from ischemic injury in rats after AMI by way of improving expressions of VEGF and bFGF in myocardial cells and promoting angiogenesis in the infarcted of myocardium.
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Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is the most original innovation science. The innovation and development of TCM is based on the precious treatment theory and copious clinic experience of predecessor. Combination of disease and syndrome is the important approach of innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Establish of a perfect evaluation system of clinical effect which has special feature of TCM is the key of innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Syndrome factors and their combinations based on syndromes are the important links of construction of syndrome differentiation system,in which the theory of prescriptions corresponding to syndromes plays a key role.The basic requirements of good clinical eff icacy are'syndrome factors'seen as the basic connotation of'syndromes'in prescriptions corresponding to syndromes,keeping the compatibility of effect classical prescriptions,emphasizing further detailed formula indication and dynamic evolution,and increasing the conformity of prescription and syndrome.These are also the basis of construction of syndrome differentiation system.Method of evidence-based medicine should be used for reference in clinical research design,and reverse thinking of conjecturing syndrome based on prescription be used for guidance in the constructing process.
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Objective To explore the correlation between syndrome elements of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and quality of life (QOL) of the patients with angina pectoris.Methods With the clinical epidemiology method, 233 patients with angina pectoris confirmed by coronary angiography were collected, and their QOL were assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). The correlation of the scores of five different dimensions, including somatic movement limitation, angina stability and attacks, treatment satisfaction, and disease recognition, and the total scores of SAQ and the TCM syndrome elements was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results The six factors, namely, qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, stagnated heat, yang and yin deficiency, had the correlation with one or more of the dimensions and total score of QOL, in which the phlegm turbidity had a negative impact (P